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## org.apache.catalina.realm
Class JNDIRealm

    java.lang.Object
      |
      +--org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase
            |
            +--org.apache.catalina.realm.JNDIRealm

All Implemented Interfaces:
  Lifecycle, Realm

public class JNDIRealm
extends RealmBase

Implementation of Realm that works with a directory server accessed via the Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) APIs. The following constraints are imposed on the data structure in the underlying directory server:

- Each user that can be authenticated is represented by an individual element in the top level `DirContext` that is accessed via the `connectionURL` property. This element has the following characteristics:
  - The distinguished name (`dn`) attribute of this element contains the username that is being presented for authentication.
  - The distinguished name can be represented by a pattern passed to an instance of `MessageFormat`, where the string "{0}" in the pattern is replaced by the username being presented.
  - The element for this user contains an attribute named by the `userPassword` property. The value of this attribute is retrieved for use in authentication.
  - The value of the user password attribute is either a cleartext String, or the result of passing a cleartext String through the `RealmBase.digest()` method (using the standard digest support included in `RealmBase`).
  - The user is considered to be authenticated if the presented credentials (after being passed through `RealmBase.digest()`) are equal to the retrieved value for the user password attribute.
- Each group of users that has been assigned a particular role is represented by an individual element in the top level `DirContext` that is accessed via the `connectionURL` property. This element has the following characteristics:
  - The set of all possible groups of interest can be selected by a search pattern configured by the `roleSearch` property.
  - The `roleSearch` pattern optionally includes pattern replacements "{0}" for the distinguished name, and/or "{1}" for the username, of the authenticated user for which roles will be retrieved.
  - The `roleBase` property can be set to the element that is the base of the search for matching roles. If not specified, the entire context will be searched.
  - The `roleSubtree` property can be set to `true` if you wish to search the entire subtree of the directory context. The default value of `false` requests a search of only the current level.
  - The element includes an attribute (whose name is configured by the `roleName` property) containing the name of the role represented by this element.
- Note that the standard `<security-role-ref>` element in the web application deployment descriptor allows applications to refer to roles programmatically by names other than those used in the directory server itself.

TODO - Support connection pooling (including message format objects) so that `authenticate()` does not have to be synchronized.

Version:
  $Revision: 1.5 $ $Date: 2001/09/07 20:45:12 $
Author:
  John Holman, Craig R. McClanahan

Field Summary
`protected java.lang.String` | `connectionName` The connection username for the server we will contact.
`protected java.lang.String` | `connectionPassword` The connection password for the server we will contact.
`protected java.lang.String` | `connectionURL` The connection URL for the server we will contact.
`protected javax.naming.directory.DirContext` | `context` The directory context linking us to our directory server.
`protected java.lang.String` | `contextFactory` The JNDI context factory used to acquire our InitialContext.
`protected static java.lang.String` | `info` Descriptive information about this Realm implementation.
`protected static java.lang.String` | `name` Descriptive information about this Realm implementation.
`protected java.lang.String` | `roleBase` The base element for role searches.
`protected java.text.MessageFormat` | `roleFormat` The MessageFormat object associated with the current `roleSearch`.
`protected java.lang.String[]` | `roleName` The name of the attribute containing the role name.
`protected java.lang.String` | `roleSearch` The message format used to select roles for a user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the distinguished name of the user goes.
`protected boolean` | `roleSubtree` Should we search the entire subtree for matching memberships?
`protected java.text.MessageFormat` | `userFormat` The MessageFormat object associated with the current `userPattern`.
`protected java.lang.String[]` | `userPassword` The attribute name used to retrieve the user password.
`protected java.lang.String` | `userPattern` The message format used to select a user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the specified username goes.

Fields inherited from class org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase
`container, debug, digest, lifecycle, md, md5Encoder, md5Helper, sm, started, support, validate`

Fields inherited from interface org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle
`START_EVENT, STOP_EVENT`

Constructor Summary
`JNDIRealm()`

Method Summary
`java.security.Principal` | `authenticate(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context, java.lang.String username, java.lang.String credentials)` Return the Principal associated with the specified username and credentials, if there is one; otherwise return `null`.
`java.security.Principal` | `authenticate(java.lang.String username, java.lang.String credentials)` Return the Principal associated with the specified username and credentials, if there is one; otherwise return `null`.
`protected void` | `close(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context)` Close any open connection to the directory server for this Realm.
`java.lang.String` | `getConnectionName()` Return the connection username for this Realm.
`java.lang.String` | `getConnectionPassword()` Return the connection password for this Realm.
`java.lang.String` | `getConnectionURL()` Return the connection URL for this Realm.
`java.lang.String` | `getContextFactory()` Return the JNDI context factory for this Realm.
`protected java.lang.String` | `getName()` Return a short name for this Realm implementation.
`protected java.lang.String` | `getPassword(java.lang.String username)` Return the password associated with the given principal's user name.
`protected java.security.Principal` | `getPrincipal(java.lang.String username)` Return the Principal associated with the given user name.
`java.lang.String` | `getRoleBase()` Return the base element for role searches.
`java.lang.String` | `getRoleName()` Return the role name attribute name for this Realm.
`protected java.util.List` | `getRoles(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context, java.lang.String username, java.lang.String dn)` Return a List of roles associated with the user with the specified distinguished name.
`java.lang.String` | `getRoleSearch()` Return the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm.
`boolean` | `getRoleSubtree()` Return the "search subtree for roles" flag.
`protected java.lang.String` | `getUserDN(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context, java.lang.String username, java.lang.String credentials)` Return the distinguished name of an authenticated user (if successful) or `null` if authentication is unsuccessful.
`java.lang.String` | `getUserPassword()` Return the password attribute used to retrieve the user password.
`java.lang.String` | `getUserPattern()` Return the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm.
`protected javax.naming.directory.DirContext` | `open()` Open (if necessary) and return a connection to the configured directory server for this Realm.
`protected void` | `release(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context)` Release our use of this connection so that it can be recycled.
`void` | `setConnectionName(java.lang.String connectionName)` Set the connection username for this Realm.
`void` | `setConnectionPassword(java.lang.String connectionPassword)` Set the connection password for this Realm.
`void` | `setConnectionURL(java.lang.String connectionURL)` Set the connection URL for this Realm.
`void` | `setContextFactory(java.lang.String contextFactory)` Set the JNDI context factory for this Realm.
`void` | `setRoleBase(java.lang.String roleBase)` Set the base element for role searches.
`void` | `setRoleName(java.lang.String roleName)` Set the role name attribute name for this Realm.
`void` | `setRoleSearch(java.lang.String roleSearch)` Set the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm.
`void` | `setRoleSubtree(boolean roleSubtree)` Set the "search subtree for roles" flag.
`void` | `setUserPassword(java.lang.String userPassword)` Set the password attribute used to retrieve the user password.
`void` | `setUserPattern(java.lang.String userPattern)` Set the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm.
`void` | `start()` Prepare for active use of the public methods of this Component.
`void` | `stop()` Gracefully shut down active use of the public methods of this Component.

Methods inherited from class org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase
`addLifecycleListener, addPropertyChangeListener, authenticate, authenticate, authenticate, digest, Digest, getContainer, getDebug, getDigest, getDigest, getInfo, getValidate, hasMessageDigest, hasRole, log, log, main, removeLifecycleListener, removePropertyChangeListener, setContainer, setDebug, setDigest, setValidate`

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
`clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

Field Detail

### connectionName

    protected java.lang.String connectionName

  The connection username for the server we will contact.

### connectionPassword

    protected java.lang.String connectionPassword

  The connection password for the server we will contact.

### connectionURL

    protected java.lang.String connectionURL

  The connection URL for the server we will contact.

### context

    protected javax.naming.directory.DirContext context

  The directory context linking us to our directory server.

### contextFactory

    protected java.lang.String contextFactory

  The JNDI context factory used to acquire our InitialContext. By default, assumes use of an LDAP server using the standard JNDI LDAP provider.

### info

    protected static final java.lang.String info

  Descriptive information about this Realm implementation.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### name

    protected static final java.lang.String name

  Descriptive information about this Realm implementation.

  See Also:
    Constant Field Values

### roleBase

    protected java.lang.String roleBase

  The base element for role searches.

### roleFormat

    protected java.text.MessageFormat roleFormat

  The MessageFormat object associated with the current `roleSearch`.

### roleName

    protected java.lang.String[] roleName

  The name of the attribute containing the role name.

### roleSearch

    protected java.lang.String roleSearch

  The message format used to select roles for a user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the distinguished name of the user goes.

### roleSubtree

    protected boolean roleSubtree

  Should we search the entire subtree for matching memberships?

### userFormat

    protected java.text.MessageFormat userFormat

  The MessageFormat object associated with the current `userPattern`.

### userPassword

    protected java.lang.String[] userPassword

  The attribute name used to retrieve the user password.

### userPattern

    protected java.lang.String userPattern

  The message format used to select a user, with "{0}" marking the spot where the specified username goes.

Constructor Detail

### JNDIRealm

    public JNDIRealm()

Method Detail

### getConnectionName

    public java.lang.String getConnectionName()

  Return the connection username for this Realm.

### setConnectionName

    public void setConnectionName(java.lang.String connectionName)

  Set the connection username for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `connectionName` - The new connection username

### getConnectionPassword

    public java.lang.String getConnectionPassword()

  Return the connection password for this Realm.

### setConnectionPassword

    public void setConnectionPassword(java.lang.String connectionPassword)

  Set the connection password for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `connectionPassword` - The new connection password

### getConnectionURL

    public java.lang.String getConnectionURL()

  Return the connection URL for this Realm.

### setConnectionURL

    public void setConnectionURL(java.lang.String connectionURL)

  Set the connection URL for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `connectionURL` - The new connection URL

### getContextFactory

    public java.lang.String getContextFactory()

  Return the JNDI context factory for this Realm.

### setContextFactory

    public void setContextFactory(java.lang.String contextFactory)

  Set the JNDI context factory for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `contextFactory` - The new context factory

### getRoleBase

    public java.lang.String getRoleBase()

  Return the base element for role searches.

### setRoleBase

    public void setRoleBase(java.lang.String roleBase)

  Set the base element for role searches.

  Parameters:
    `roleBase` - The new base element

### getRoleName

    public java.lang.String getRoleName()

  Return the role name attribute name for this Realm.

### setRoleName

    public void setRoleName(java.lang.String roleName)

  Set the role name attribute name for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `roleName` - The new role name attribute name

### getRoleSearch

    public java.lang.String getRoleSearch()

  Return the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm.

### setRoleSearch

    public void setRoleSearch(java.lang.String roleSearch)

  Set the message format pattern for selecting roles in this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `roleSearch` - The new role search pattern

### getRoleSubtree

    public boolean getRoleSubtree()

  Return the "search subtree for roles" flag.

### setRoleSubtree

    public void setRoleSubtree(boolean roleSubtree)

  Set the "search subtree for roles" flag.

  Parameters:
    `roleSubtree` - The new search flag

### getUserPassword

    public java.lang.String getUserPassword()

  Return the password attribute used to retrieve the user password.

### setUserPassword

    public void setUserPassword(java.lang.String userPassword)

  Set the password attribute used to retrieve the user password.

  Parameters:
    `userPassword` - The new password attribute

### getUserPattern

    public java.lang.String getUserPattern()

  Return the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm.

### setUserPattern

    public void setUserPattern(java.lang.String userPattern)

  Set the message format pattern for selecting users in this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `userPattern` - The new user pattern

### authenticate

    public java.security.Principal authenticate(java.lang.String username,
                                                java.lang.String credentials)

  Return the Principal associated with the specified username and credentials, if there is one; otherwise return `null`. If there are any errors with the JDBC connection, executing the query or anything we return null (don't authenticate). This event is also logged, and the connection will be closed so that a subsequent request will automatically re-open it.

  Specified by:
    `authenticate` in interface `Realm`
  Overrides:
    `authenticate` in class `RealmBase`
  Parameters:
    `username` - Username of the Principal to look up
    `credentials` - Password or other credentials to use in authenticating this username

### authenticate

    public java.security.Principal authenticate(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context,
                                                java.lang.String username,
                                                java.lang.String credentials)
                                         throws javax.naming.NamingException

  Return the Principal associated with the specified username and credentials, if there is one; otherwise return `null`.

  Parameters:
    `username` - Username of the Principal to look up
    `credentials` - Password or other credentials to use in authenticating this username
  Throws:
    `javax.naming.NamingException` - if a directory server error occurs

### close

    protected void close(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context)

  Close any open connection to the directory server for this Realm.

  Parameters:
    `context` - The directory context to be closed

### getName

    protected java.lang.String getName()

  Return a short name for this Realm implementation.

  Specified by:
    `getName` in class `RealmBase`

### getPassword

    protected java.lang.String getPassword(java.lang.String username)

  Return the password associated with the given principal's user name.

  Specified by:
    `getPassword` in class `RealmBase`

### getPrincipal

    protected java.security.Principal getPrincipal(java.lang.String username)

  Return the Principal associated with the given user name.

  Specified by:
    `getPrincipal` in class `RealmBase`

### getRoles

    protected java.util.List getRoles(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context,
                                      java.lang.String username,
                                      java.lang.String dn)
                               throws javax.naming.NamingException

  Return a List of roles associated with the user with the specified distinguished name. If no roles are associated with this user, a zero-length List is returned.

  Parameters:
    `context` - The directory context we are searching
    `username` - The username of the user to be checked
    `dn` - Distinguished name of the user to be checked
  Throws:
    `javax.naming.NamingException` - if a directory server error occurs

### getUserDN

    protected java.lang.String getUserDN(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context,
                                         java.lang.String username,
                                         java.lang.String credentials)
                                  throws javax.naming.NamingException

  Return the distinguished name of an authenticated user (if successful) or `null` if authentication is unsuccessful.

  Parameters:
    `context` - The directory context we are accessing
    `username` - Username to be authenticated
    `credentials` - Authentication credentials
  Throws:
    `javax.naming.NamingException` - if a directory server error occurs

### open

    protected javax.naming.directory.DirContext open()
                                              throws javax.naming.NamingException

  Open (if necessary) and return a connection to the configured directory server for this Realm.

  Throws:
    `javax.naming.NamingException` - if a directory server error occurs

### release

    protected void release(javax.naming.directory.DirContext context)

  Release our use of this connection so that it can be recycled.

  Parameters:
    `context` - The directory context to release

### start

    public void start()
               throws LifecycleException

  Prepare for active use of the public methods of this Component.

  Specified by:
    `start` in interface `Lifecycle`
  Overrides:
    `start` in class `RealmBase`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalStateException` - if this component has already been started
    `LifecycleException` - if this component detects a fatal error that prevents it from being started

### stop

    public void stop()
              throws LifecycleException

  Gracefully shut down active use of the public methods of this Component.

  Specified by:
    `stop` in interface `Lifecycle`
  Overrides:
    `stop` in class `RealmBase`
  Throws:
    `java.lang.IllegalStateException` - if this component has not been started
    `LifecycleException` - if this component detects a fatal error that needs to be reported

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